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There are differing estimates of how much plastic waste has been produced in the last century. The pathway by which plastics enters the world's oceans
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6.3.1.1 Legally binding plastics treaty.6.3.1 Voluntary reduction efforts failing.6.1 Biodegradable and degradable plastics.5.4.1 Impacts on freshwater biodiversity.5.3 Effects of plastic on oceans and seabirds.5.1.1 Plastic pollution as a cause of climate change.2.1.1 Amounts, locations, tracking and correlations of the microdebris.Several news reports point to a plastic industry trying to take advantage of the health concerns and desire for disposable masks and packaging to increase production of single use plastic. Higher amounts of plastic ended up in the ocean, especially plastic from medical waste and masks. The amount of plastic waste produced increased during COVID-19 due to increased demand for protective equipment and packaging materials. On 2 March 2022 in Nairobi, 175 countries pledged to create a legally binding agreement by the end of the year 2024 with a goal to end plastic pollution. Nearly all countries have joined this agreement. A May 2019 amendment to the Basel Convention regulates the exportation/importation of plastic waste, largely intended to prevent the shipping of plastic waste from developed countries to developing countries. Īs of 2020, the global mass of produced plastic exceeds the biomass of all land and marine animals combined.
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In some areas there have been significant efforts to reduce the prominence of free range plastic pollution, through reducing plastic consumption, litter cleanup, and promoting plastic recycling.
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This large amount of plastic waste enters the environment and causes problems throughout the ecosystem for example studies suggest that the bodies of 90% of seabirds contain plastic debris. From the 1950s up to 2018, an estimated 6.3 billion tonnes of plastic has been produced worldwide, of which an estimated 9% has been recycled and another 12% has been incinerated. in tap water), indirect consumption (by eating animals), and disruption of various hormonal mechanisms.Īs of 2019, 368 million tonnes of plastic is produced each year 51% in Asia, where China is the world's largest producer. Degraded plastic waste can directly affect humans through both direct consumption (i.e. Living organisms, particularly marine animals, can be harmed either by mechanical effects such as entanglement in plastic objects, problems related to ingestion of plastic waste, or through exposure to chemicals within plastics that interfere with their physiology. Some researchers suggest that by 2050 there could be more plastic than fish in the oceans by weight. It is estimated that there is a stock of 86 million tons of plastic marine debris in the worldwide ocean as of the end of 2013, with an assumption that 1.4% of global plastics produced from 1950 to 2013 has entered the ocean and has accumulated there. It is estimated that 1.1 to 8.8 million tonnes of plastic waste enters the ocean from coastal communities each year. Plastic pollution can afflict land, waterways and oceans.
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Together, these two factors allow large volumes of plastic to enter the environment as mismanaged waste and for it to persist in the ecosystem. However, the chemical structure of most plastics renders them resistant to many natural processes of degradation and as a result they are slow to degrade. Plastics are inexpensive and durable making them very adaptable for different uses as a result manufacturers choose to use plastic over other materials. Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized by size into micro-, meso-, or macro debris. plastic bottles, bags and microbeads) in the Earth's environment that adversely affects humans, wildlife and their habitat. Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles (e.g.